Snowplow



Dec. 17, 1940. c. B. JENSEN SNOWPLOW Fileci Dec.

15, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 R m m m ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 17, 1940 I i I V 2,224,870 I SNOWPLOW- 1 V I Christian B. JensenQSLPauhMinn. Application December 15, 1938, Serial No. 245,899 v I 11 Claims. (01. 31-43) This invention relates to. a snowplow, and has andpropulsion vehicle, and upstanding cuterfor its general object to providea machine for most sidewalls l3, l3,,intermediate walls l4, l4, removing or handling'snow wherein will be inand innermost walls 15,115, all extending longicorporated various improved features andchartudinally of said plow and propulsion vehicle.

acteristics of construction novel. both as indi- Allof the walls I3, I3;and l4, I' l-and I5 are a; vidual entities of the machine and in combinain suitably spaced apart'relation. 'The interme tion with each other. diate walls l4, l4 and the innermost walls 15,

A further object is to provide in a machine :5- are integrallyconnected to the rear wall [2,

of the present character, a snow -removing or and the outermost side walls I3, I,3 are inte- 10 handling entity of novel and improved construcgrally connected to the intermediate walls l4, l4, 10

tion. in any suitable and convenient manner, as by With the above objects in view, as well as welding or riveting. v others which will appear as the specification As disclosed, each adjacent set of walls I 4 and proceeds, the invention comprises the construclicooperates with a rotatable element l6'to prol tion, arrangement and combinaiton of parts as vide together with additional elements to be-denow to be dully described and as hereinafter'to scribed, a snow removing or handling entity for be specifically claimed, it being understood that the snowplow,said snowplow in the present emthe disclosure herein is merely illustrative and bodiment of the invention including two snow intended in no way in a limiting sense, changes removing or handling entities. The snowplow in details of construction and arrangement of can, however; include agreat'er or less number 0.

parts being permissible so long as within the of snowremoving or handling entities than two. spirit of the invention and the scope of the Each rotatable element It is situatedbetween claims which follow. 7 adjacent walls l4 and .15, and saidrotatable ele- In the accompanying drawings forming a part ments are fixed uponfa transverseshaft H which of this specification, I has its opposite end'portions :rotatably mounted 25 Fig. 1 is a side, elevational view of a snowplow in bearings l8 suitably and conveniently fixed. made according tothe invention; to the outer surfaces of the upstanding outer- Fig. 2 is a front elevational view of the snowmost side walls 13,13; 1 I t plow of Fig. 1, parts being omitted and other Mechanism for mounting the snowplow upon] parts being broken away; thepropulsion vehicle mayinclude a member I9, 30: Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view, taken as suitably and conveniently secured to theproon'li-ne 33 in Fig. 2; pulsion vehicle about the crank shaft 20 of the Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the snowplow; vehicle .engine (not shown), As disclosed,- the Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view, taken as on member [3 includes spaced apart, forwardly exline 55 in Fig. 3; tending. arms 2| ateither side of the crank shaft 35 Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view, taken as on 20 providing opposed bearings 22-rotatablyhousline 6-6 in Fig; 5; and 1 ing a transverse shaft: 23. A'pair of radius rods Fig. 7 is an elevational view, corresponding 24, one adjacent'each bearing 22, have their rear I generally with the disclosure of Fig.5, but showward end portions rotatably mounted uponsaid 49 ing a snow removing or handling entity of moditransverseshaft 23. The radius rods 24 extend 40 fied construction. parallel forwardly from the transverse shaft23, With respect to the drawings and the numerand have: their forward. end portions rotatably. als of reference thereon, 10 represents a snow-.- mounted upon the'transverse shaft l'l.v The rear plow, and II indicates a propulsion vehicle for wall-l2 is cut away to allow the :forward portion the plow. As disclosed, the propulsion vehicle is of the member 19 to be disposed between the 45 a truck, but could be any other type of propelled rearward portions of the innermost walls l5, I5 vehicle, automotive or otherwise; of the snowplow. The snowplow is adapted to be pushed by the A sprocket 25 is suitablyand conveniently fixed propulsion vehicle, and the rotatable element of to the transverse shaft 23 between the radius so each snow removing or handling entity of said rods 24,-andsaid sprocket,,2.5. integrally includes 5 snowplow is adapt-ed to be driven through the a bevel gear 26. A bevel gear 2ljlis suitably. see instrumentality ofmechanism associated with cured upon the forward 1 end portion of the the propulsion vehicle. crank shaft 20 and meshes with the bevel. gear A frame for the plow includes an upstanding 26. As disclosed, said bevel gear 21 is fixed to rear wall I2 extending transversely of the plow said crank shaft 20 by a bolt :28. While as illus- 55 trated and described, the propelling means for the rotatable elements l6 of the machine is the crank shaft of a propulsion vehicle, it will be evident that said rotatable elements could be driven by any actuated part of a propulsion vehicle, or by an auxiliary motor or engine upon the vehicle.

The radius rods 24 locate the transverse shaft I! at fixed distance from the transverse shaft 23. A sprocket 29 is fixed upon said shaft I! in longitudinal alinement with the sprocket 25, and a sprocket chain 30 rides said sprockets 25 and 29.

As illustrated, the mold board of the plow is of general W-shape in cross-section, including oblique inwardly and upwardly slanting snow guiding surfaces 3|, which are a part of the forward surfaces of the upstanding outermost side' walls |3 of the plow, and oblique outwardly and upwardly slanting snow guiding surfaces 32 at the center of the front of said plow. The snow guiding surfaces 32 are a part of the forward surfaces of the walls-33 which slant away from a vertical knife edge 34 at the front of the plow where said walls 33 are connected together. Each oblique surface 3| slants away from a vertical' knife edge 35 at the front of the plow where the walls l3 are connected to outwardly and rearwardly extending strengthening members 36 including forward outwardly and upwardly and 'rearwardly extending snow engaging surfaces 3'|. The rearward edge of each wall [3 is connected to'the forward edge of a wall I4, and the rearward edge of each wall 33 is connected to the forward edge of a wall I5. Each wall l3, I3, 33, 33 includes a horizontal knife edge 38 adapted to rest upon the ground. The upper portions of adjacent walls I3, 33 and I3, 33 are in each instance interconnected by a downwardly and rearwardly disposed wall 39 meeting the top forward edges of vertical walls I4 and I5 which are adjacent each other. Adjacent walls I3, 33 in each instance provide surfaces 3| and 32 for guiding snow and ice into an open front, rectilinear passageway or'slot 49 defined by a curvilinear wall 4| extending downwardly and forwardly from the rear wall l2 and walls l4 and I5 which are adjacent each other, and each' downwardly and rearwardly disposed wall 39 and its rear edge 42 cooperate, in the instance of each rectilinear passageway or slot 40, with said rear wall7|2 and adjacent walls l4 and |5'to provide aclosed,rectilinear passageway or slot 43. Asnow deflector (not shown) suitably and conveniently may be arranged over each closed passageway or slot 43. That is, snow deflectors may be employed to direct the removed snow and ice toward either side, of the snowplow, or in any selected direction.

Push beams 44 for the snowplow have their rearward ends suitably and conveniently connected to the propulsion vehicle and their forward ends pivotally connected, as at 45, to the inner surfaces of the innermost walls I5 of the snowplow. As disclosed, the pivotal connections 45 are disposed forwardly of the transverse shaft 23 which transverse shaft is arranged forwardly of the upstanding wall l2. Said rear wall I2 is cut away to afford clearance for the push beams.

The rearward ends of the push beams 44 desirably will be pivotally connected to the propulsion vehicle H, and mechanism (not shown) will be provided for manipulating the snowplow. Preferably, such mechanism will be capable of producing upward and downward movement of the plow and propulsion vehicle relative to each other, and of lifting the snowplow off of the 4 ground, when this is desirable, as when traveling to or from a job to be accomplished. The arrangement will be such that as the push beams 44 are swung upwardly, the snowplow will also be swung upwardly about the transverse shaft 23 as an axis. Such upward movement of the snowplow will offer no interference to the chain drive for the rotatable elements It, because the distance between the transverse shafts I1 and 23 does not vary.

Each rotatable element l6 includes a pair of spaced apart, parallel disc plates 46 which are retained in fixed relation to each other by a plurality of spaced apart snow transporting elements 41. As disclosed, the snow transporting elements 41 are in the instance of each rotatable element I6 arranged between the corresponding disc plates 46 and are disposed radially of said disc plates. Each snow transporting element 41 is straight in the direction of its length and curvilinear in cross-section, and the opposite side edges of the snow transporting elements are integrally secured to the inner surfaces of the disc plates, as by welding or riveting. The inner end of each snow transporting element 41 desirably may terminate in slightly spaced relation to the axis of the corresponding rotatable element l6, and the outer end of each of said snow transporting elements desirably may terminate flush with the perimeters or margins of the corresponding disc plates 46. Each disc plate 45 includes a central opening which receives the shaft and each rotatable element l6, including a pair of disc plates, is suitably and conveniently rigidly secured upon said shaft H, as indicated generally at 48.

Each set .of disc plates 46 of each rotatable element I6 is arranged approximately concentrically of a corresponding curvilinear wall 4| and in comparatively close proximity to said curvilinear wall 4|. The major portion of the diameter or width of each set of disc plates 46 of each rotatable element I6 is within the corresponding snow passageway or slot 40, and the upper portion of the diameter or width of each set of disc plates terminates at about the elevation of the corresponding closed passageway or slot 43, all about as shown in Fig. 5.

Each curvilinear wall 4| includes a central portion 49 thereof, about equal in width to the overall width of each set of disc plates 46 of each rotatable element l6, which is of relatively large circumference, and also includes outer portions 50 thereof, at the outer sides of said central portion 49, which are of comparatively smaller circumference than is the central portion 49. Desirably. the outer portions 50 are of equal circumference and width. Each outer portion 50 includes a knife edge 5| extending transversely of the corresponding set of disc plates 46 of each rotatable element H5 at elevation above the knife edges 38. The knife edges 5| extend from side to side of the portions 50. The central portion 49 ofeach curvilinear wall 4| is disposed concentrically of the corresponding rotatable element l6, and the arrangement is such that the circumferential marginal portion of each rotatable element I6 is snugly rotatable in the space adjacent the central portion 49 and between the outer portions 50, with the circumference of the rotatable element in proximate relation to said central portion 49.

The mold board of the plow includes a set of snow directing and guiding surfaces 52 at the front of the central portion 49 of each curvilinear wall 4| which meet at a knife edge 53 in a plane passed centrally and longitudinally through said central portion 49 and diverge rearwardly of the snowplow. The rearward edges 54 of the snow directing and guiding surfaces 52 are contiguous with the inner ends of the knife edges 5| of said outer portions 50, and are in spaced relation to the corresponding walls l4 and i5. That is, in the instance of each snow removing or handling entity of the snowplow, spaces 55 of equal width are provided between the rearward edges 54 of the snow guiding surfaces 52 and the adjacent walls M and |5, each of said spaces 55 having width equal to that of a corresponding outer portion 50. Each set of snow directing and guiding surfaces 52 is provided by a member including an arc shape portion 56 thereof which is disposed about a portion of the perimeter of the corresponding rotatable element I 6 and is suitably and conveniently secured upon the snowplow, as indicated generally at 51. In the instance of each snow removing or handling entity of the snowplow, snow guiding surfaces 58 lead from knife edges 59 at the opposite sides of a knife edge 53 and at the elevation of the knife edges 38 to the knife edges 5|. The snow guiding surfaces 3| lead to the outer sides of the' snow guiding surfaces 58 and to the outer ends of said knife edges 5|, as well as to a rectilinear passageway or slot 46, and the snow guiding surfaces 32 lead to the inner sides of said snow guiding surfaces 58 and to the inner ends of the knife edges 5|, as well as to a rectilinear passageway or slot 40.

Each disc plate 46 carries a series of working blades or shovels 66 at the periphery of the disc plate. There are spaced apart working blades or shovels 60 at the outer side of each disc plate 46.

Each working blade or shovel 60 extends more or less radially of the corresponding disc plate 4i), with its width arranged transversely of the snowplow. Each working blade or shovel 60 is curved in the direction of its width and is straight in the direction of its length. In general outline the working blades or shovels 60 are rectilinear, and the outer or working end or edge of each of said blades or shovels includes an element 6| thereof providing a knife edge 62. Desirably, a side edge 63 of each working blade or shovel 60 is a. knife edge.

Each working blade or shovel 66 is adapted to be bolted, as at 64, or otherwise secured, up against the outer surface of the corresponding disc plate 46 at the rear of an opening 65, rectangular as shown, through the disc plate and directly in advance of a snow transporting element 41. That is, there is a working blade or shovel corresponding to each snow transporting element 41 and an opening 65 affording communication between each working blade or shovel and its corresponding snow transporting element. Each working blade or shovel 60 has one of its side edges fitted to the corresponding disc plate 46 just to the rear of an opening 65 and its cutting side edge 63 arranged in spaced relation to said disc plate, so that the working blades or shovels in effect constitute scoops for snow. The knife edge 62 of each element 6| is adapted to travel in close proximity to a knife edge 5|, and the knife edge 63 of each element 6| is adapted to travel in close proximity to a knife edge 66. Each outer knife edge 66 is constituted asthe inner edge of a snow guiding surface 3|, andeach inner knife edge 66 is constituted as the outer edge of a snow guiding surface 32'. Each working blade or shovel 60 is situated upon its corresponding disc plate 46 so that its knife ed e 62 cooperates with the corresponding knife edge 5| and its knife edge 63' cooperates with a corresponding knife edge 66 to cause snow and ice to be cut or severed. Said working blades or shovels 60 are adapted to wipe through the spaces 55 between the corresponding'rotatable element l6 and the adjacent walls I 4 and f5, respectively, when the rotatable elements are in operation. The openings 65 and the blades or shovels 60 at one side of each rotatable element could be in staggered relation to the openings and the blades or shovels at the opposite side of said rotatable element. In such event, each disc plate 46 desirably will be closed directly opposite an opening 65 in the adjacent disc plate.

The rotatable elements I6 are revolved so that their forward portions move downwardly and their lower portions move rearwardly, in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5. Each working blade or shovel 6|) has its outer knife edge 62 arranged immediately above a knife edge 5|, somewhat within the perimeter of the corresponding rotatable element IS. The length of each working blade or shovel is such that the inner end thereof terminates a considerable distance inwardly of said perimeter. The inner end of each snow transporting element 41 and the inner end of each opening 65 may terminate about flush with the inner end of each working blade or shovel 60. As shown, the outer end of each opening 65 terminates at about the location of the corresponding element 6|. The width of each working blade or shovel 60 is just less than the width of the corresponding space 55. The arrangement is such that the concave surfaces of the working blades or shovels 60 and the snow transporting elements 41 are the working and the transporting surfaces, respectively, thereof. The outer, ends or edges of the working blades or shovels 6U rotate in close proximity to the outer portions 59 of the curvilinear walls 4|, and the outer ends or edges'of the snow transporting elements 41 rotate in close proximity to the central portions 49 of said curvilinear walls 4|. The spaces between the disc plates 46 of each rotatable element l6 and defined by said disc plates and the snow transporting elements 41 are open at their outer portions.

The manner in which the rotatable elements 16, each including a pair of disc plates 46 with snow transporting elements 41 and working blades or shovels 6B, operate will be evident. The surfaces 3|, 32, 52 and 58 of the mold board cooperate to lift the snow and ice severed or cut from the ground by the knife edges 38 and 59 and to direct the snow and ice into the spaces 55 of the passageways or slots 40. Each worln ng blade or shovel 60 cooperates with the disc plate 46 to which connected and with the adjacent side wall, I4 or l5 as the case may be, to cause snow and ice to be carried through the corresponding opening 65 into thespace between the disc plates 46 of the corresponding rotatable ele-- ment Iii-in front of a snow transporting element 41, and each snow transporting element 41 carries an individual load or shovelfull of snow up through: the corresponding outlet passageway 43. The disc plates 46 rotate 'at high rate of speed, and the snow and ice leavesthe outlet passageways 43 in the form of individual and separate charges of snow and, ice each equal in amount to a shovel-full of snow and ice forced out of the machine under considerable momentum by the centrifugal force exerted through the working blades or shovels 60 and the snow transporting elements 41. Said working blades or shovels keep wiping through the spaces of the snow passageways or slots 4!), and the cooperating arrangement among the working blades or shovels, openings 65, snow transporting elements 41, disc plates 46 and curvilinear and vertical rear walls and parallel side walls of said passageways or slots 40 is such that snow and ice once upon a working blade or shovel will be quickly forced or carried out of the machine by a corresponding snow transporting element 41. There is no opportunity for snow and ice when once upon a working blade or shovel or a snow transporting element to fall backwardly of the working blades or shovels or the snow transporting elements.

In Fig. '1 there is disclosed a construction and arrangement wherein the working blades or shovels and the openings 65, each in front of its corresponding snow transporting element 41 as before described, are arranged to provide snow receiving spaces forwardly of said snow transporting elements 41 of size somewhat greater than as shown in Fig. 5. Clearly, each working blade or shovel 60 can be at any relation to its corresponding snow transporting element 41 which may in a particular case be selected as satisfactory. In Fig. 5 each snow transporting element 41 and its corresponding working blade or shovel 60 are parallel. In Fig. 7 each element 41 and its corresponding blade or shovel 60 are out of parallel, said elements 41 being disposed radially as in Fig. 5.

The Working blades or shovels may be set radially, as in Fig. 5, or set at sharper angle to snow and ice, as suggested in Fig. '1, better to remove or handle the snow and ice. The working blades or shovels 60 will remove or sever snow and ice which is directed to said working blades or shovels from snow and ice upon the ground and carry the removed or severed snow and ice through the openings to thesnow transporting elements 41, and said snow transporting elements will force or carry the snow and ice through the outlet passageways 43 and out of the machine.

It will be seen that snow and ice is dislodged by the working blades or shovels 60 inwardly of the perimeters of the rotatable elements I6, while dislodged snow and ice is propelled from the outer ends of the snow transporting elements 41 at the perimeters of said rotatable elements. The working blades or shovels are of inexpensive construction, are easily replaceable, and have great strength. Each blade or shovel is bolted to its disc plate independently of all others of the blades or shovels. The snow transporting elements are subjected to no such hard labor as is required of the Working blades or shovels and are not liable to become broken under any, even the severest, conditions of use of the machine.

The snow engaging surfaces 31 are constructed to be operated against by snow and ice upon the ground to the purpose of causing the snowplow to have tendency to be moved sidewise in direction opposite that in which snow and ice engaging the snow directing surfaces 3| causes said snowplow to have tendency to be moved, so that when one side only of the snowplow is operating upon snow and ice, the surfaces 3| and 31 at said mentioned side of said snowplow will function in cooperation with each other to tend to cause the plow to have movement straight ahead, as will be understood.

The mold board of the snowplow could of course be V-shape, in which case but a single snow removing or handling entity would be employed, or said mold board could be of some other suitable and convenient configuration.

The rotatable elements l6 are driven whenever the crankshaft 20 is in operation, the drive being through the bevel gears 21 and 26 to the transverse shaft 23. The bolt 28 is of less strength than is any part of either rotatable element l6, so that when an obstruction causes breakage, this breakage is of said bolt 28 and disconnects the driving crankshaft, or other driving member, from said rotatable elements Hi.

What is claimed is:

1. In a machine of the character described, a structure including an open front, parallel, upstanding side walls and a curvilinear rear and lower wall defining a passageway to which said open front leads, an annular entity rotatably mounted in said passageway and including working blades and transporting elements which together approximately span the width of the passageway, said working blades and transporting elements being disposed more or less radially of said annular entity, said working blades being arranged in a plane disposed substantially perpendicularly to the axis for said annular entity, said transporting elements being disposed at a side of said working blades, and said Working blades being adapted to wipe through said passageway and to deliver material to said transporting elements, and means for rotating said annular entity to cause said working blades to wipe through said passageway at location in close proximity to said curvilinear rear and lower wall.

2. In a machine of the character described, a structure including an open front, parallel, upstanding side walls and a rear wall with curvilinear lower portion defining a passageway to which said open front leads, and a mold board for directing snow into said open front, said structure being adapted to rest upon the ground with the curvilinear lower portion of said rear wall approximately at ground level, an annular entity mounted in said structure adjacent said mold board and disposed in said passageway and having Working blades and transporting elements which together approximately span the width of the passageway, said working blades and transporting elements being disposed more or less radially of said annular entity, said working blades being arranged in a plane disposed substantially perpendicularly to the axis for said annular entity, said transporting elements being disposed at a side of said working blades, and said working blades being adapted to move downwardly adjacent said open front, wipe upwardly through said passageway and deliver material to said transporting elements, and means for rotating said annular entity.

3. In a machine of the character described, a boxlike structure including an open front, parallel side walls and a rear wall defining a passageway leading from said open front, a pair of spaced apart disc plates rotatably mounted in said passageway in spaced relation to its side walls, spaced apart transporting elements disposed between said disc plates and extending substantially radially of the disc plates, and working blades secured to the outer surfaces of said disc plates, each working blade approximately spanning the distance between the disc plate to which secured and the adjacent side wall of said passageway.

4. In a machine of the character described, a boxlike structure including an open front, parallel side walls and a rear wall defining a passageway leading from said open front, a pair of spaced apart disc plates rotatably mounted in said passageway in spaced relation to its side walls, spaced apart transporting elements disposed between said disc plates and extending substantially radially of the disc plates, and spaced apart working blades removably secured to the outer surfaces of said disc plates, each working blade approximately spanning the distance between the disc plate to which secured and the adjacent side wall of said passageway, there being a working blade corresponding to each transporting element, and said working blades being adapted to move downwardly adjacent said open front, wipe upwardly through said passageway and deliver material to said transporting elements.

5. In a machine of the character described, a pair of spaced apart disc plates, means for rotatably supporting said disc plates, spaced apart tranlsporting elements extending between said disc plates and disposed substantially radially thereof, and working blades secured to the surfaces of said disc plates opposite said transporting elements, each of said working blades being adapted to deliver material to one of said trans,- porting elements.

6. In a machine of the character described, a pair of spaced apart disc plates, means for rotatably supporting said disc plates, spaced apart transporting elements extending between said disc plates and disposed substantially radially thereof, and working blades secured to the surfaces of said disc plates opposite said transporting elements, each of said working blades lying in a plane substantially perpendicular to the disc plate to which secured, the lengths of the working blades being disposed radially, more or less, of the disc plates, and said working blades being straight in the direction of their lengths and curvilinear in the direction of their widths.

7. In a machine of the character described, a boxlike structure including walls defining a passageway, one of said walls being open, a disc plate mounted in said passageway in spaced relation to a wall thereof, transporting elements secured to a surface of said disc plate in spaced relation to each other, and working blades secured to an opposite surface of said disc plate n spaced relation to each other, there being a working blade corresponding to each of said transporting elements, each working blade approximately spanning the distance between said disc plate and an adjacent wall of said passageway, and said working blades being adapted to deliver material to said transporting elements.

8. In a machine of the character described, a structure including an open front, upstanding side walls and a lower and rear wall defining a passageway to which said open front leads, an annular entity including working blades and transporting elements cooperating with said working blades, means rotatably mounting said annular entity in said passageway, said working blades and transporting elements together approximately spanning the width of said passageway and being disposed more or less radially of said annular entity, .said working blades being arranged in a plane disposed substantially perpendicularly to the axis for said annular entity, said transporting elements being disposed at a side of said working blades, and said working blades being adapted to wipe through said pass sageway and to deliver material to said transporting elements, and means for driving said annular entity to cause said working blades to wipe through said passageway.

9. In a machine of the character described, a structure including an open front, parallel, upstanding side walls and a curvilinear lower and rear wall defining a passageway to which said open front leads, an annular entity in said passageway and including working blades and transporting elements with which said working blades cooperate, means rotatably .mounting said annular entity in said passageway, said working blades and said transporting elements together approximately spanning the width of said passageway, being disposed more or less radially of said annular entity and being adapted to move downwardly adjacent said open front, wipe rearwardly and upwardly. through said passageway and deliver material from said machine, said working blades being arranged in a plane disposed substantially perpendicularly to the axis for said annular entity, and said transporting elements being disposed at a side of said working blades, and means for driving said annular entity.

10. In a machine of the character described, a boxlike structure including an open front and walls defining a passageway to which said open front leads, a disc plate mounted in said passageway in spaced relation to a wall thereof, spaced apart transporting elements secured to a surface of said disc plate, and spaced apart workingblades secured to a surface of said disc plate, there being a working blade corresponding to each transporting element at a side thereof, each working blade being adapted to deliver material to a transporting element, and said Working blades and transporting elements together approximately spanning the width of said pas-.

sageway.

11. In a machine of the character described, a structure including an open front, spaced apart upstanding side walls and a curvilinear rear wall defining a passageway to which said open front leads, an annular entity rotatably mounted in said passageway and including working blades andtransporting elements which together approximately span the width of the passageway, said working blades being disposed in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis for said 

